Protecting Our Courts from More Trump Judges
President Trump’s second term has made clear how much we need the courts to uphold the rule of law — and what a difference that makes to our everyday lives.
MAGA judges from Trump’s first term have taken away our right to abortion care. They have taken away our right to have common-sense limits on guns. They have made it easier to get away with anti-LGBTQ+ discrimination. And they have given the most corrupt president in history the powers of a king.
Trump wants collaborators on the bench
But Trump doesn’t think the judges from his first term were extreme enough. Now he’s looking for one thing above all: personal loyalty to him and to his political agenda.
Moments of crisis — like we’re experiencing now — are why we have courts, and why it’s essential to make sure they’re filled by fair-minded judges.
State by state: the fight for fair courts
Across the country, we need fair-minded judges who will work for all of us – not just the wealthy and powerful. So the last thing we should be doing is letting Donald Trump put new judges on our courts.
See Trump’s nominees from around the country and learn why they’re so dangerous.
Search nominees by state Learn about cases concerning Trump judges
Circuit Court Nominees
Emil Bove
Nominated to the 3rd Circuit
Status: Awaiting committee hearing
Additional reading: Trump Scheming to Place ‘Enforcer’ Emil Bove on U.S. Appeals Court
Why we oppose:
- Bove was Trump’s personal criminal defense attorney
- Trump made him acting attorney general until Pam Bondi was confirmed
- He “ordered the firing of all prosecutors who had been hired on a probationary basis to work on Jan. 6-related cases” and “told the top federal prosecutors in each state to compile a list of all prosecutors and FBI agents involved in the Jan. 6 probe,” (per Reuters, reported Jan. 31, 2025)
- He fired more than a half-dozen FBI executives, declaring that the FBI had “actively participated in what the president appropriately described as a ‘grave national injustice’ that has been perpetrated upon the American people,” according to AP
- Bove ordered interim U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York Danielle Sassoon to ask the federal court there to dismiss the corruption case against New York City Mayor Eric Adams “without prejudice” in February. “Without prejudice” means prosecutors would be free to reinstate charges if they wanted to. The move was widely seen, even by some conservatives, as a corrupt quid pro quo to secure Adams’ cooperation to Trump administration anti-immigrant policies. Sassoon resigned on principle rather than carry out Bove’s unethical order. So did another federal prosecutor in New York, along with five Justice Department attorneys associated with its Public Integrity unit in Washington DC. NPR called this “the largest mass resignation of senior federal prosecutors in decades.” (Bove ended up signing it himself. Judge Dale Ho dismissed the case with prejudice, which means DOJ can’t reinstate the charges, and Bove’s corruption was thwarted.)
- Opposition to Bove’s nomination is bipartisan. One major opponent is Ed Whelan, a strong supporter of Trump’s first-term judges.
Whitney Hermandorfer
Nominated to the 6th Circuit
Why we oppose:
- Hermandorfer joined amicus briefs defending Trump’s blatantly illegal order abrogating the Fourteenth Amendment’s grant of birthright citizenship.
- She defended Tennessee’s abortion ban even though the narrowness and lack of clarity of its exceptions have dissuaded medical professionals from providing necessary abortion care.
- Litigated against federal protections for transgender students under Biden.
- Helping TN defend its anti-transgender laws in the pending SCOTUS case of Skrmetti v. United States.
Alabama
At the federal appeals court level, Alabama is part of the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Florida and Georgia. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states.
At the federal district court level, Alabama is divided into three districts: Northern, Middle, and Southern.
Alabama currently has three judicial vacancies
Northern District of Alabama
There are two judicial vacancies in this district. There are no nominees for these vacancies.
Middle District of Alabama
There is one judicial vacancy in this district. There is not a nominee for this vacancy yet.
Southern District of Alabama
There are no judicial vacancies in this district.
Alaska
At the federal appeals court level, Alaska is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Alaska is all one district.
Alaska currently has one judicial vacancy
District of Alaska
The District of Arizona covers the whole state of Arizona - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state of Arizona. That's over 733,000 people!
Alaska currently has one judicial vacancy. There is no nominee for this vacancy yet.
Arizona
At the federal appeals court level, Arizona is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
Arizona currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Arizona
The District of Arizona covers the whole state of Arizona - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state of Arizona. That's over 7.4 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Arizona.
Arkansas
At the federal appeals court level, Arkansas is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Arkansas is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western.
Arkansas currently has one judicial vacancy
Eastern District of Arkansas
There are no judicial vacancies in this district.
Western District of Arkansas
There is one judicial vacancy in this district. There is not a nominee for this vacancy yet.
California
At the federal appeals court level, California is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arkansas, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, California is divided into 4 districts: Central, Eastern, Northern, & Southern.
California currently has two judicial vacancies
Northern District of California
There are no judicial vacancies in this district.
Central District of California
There are currently no judicial vacancies in the Central District of California.
Eastern District of California
There are currently no judicial vacancies in the Eastern District of California.
Southern District of California
There is currently one judicial vacancy in the Southern District of California.
Colorado
At the federal appeals court level, Colorado is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Colorado is all one district.
Colorado currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Colorado
The District of Colorado covers the whole state of Colorado - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 5.8 million people!
Colorado currently has no judicial vacancies.
Connecticut
At the federal appeals court level, Connecticut is part of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers New York and Vermont. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Connecticut is all one district.
Connecticut currently has one judicial vacancy
District of Connecticut
The District of Connecticut covers the whole state of Connecticut - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 3.6 million people!
Connecticut currently has no judicial vacancies.
District of Columbia
The D.C. Circuit is an extremely important and powerful court which often hears appeals of health and safety protections adopted by federal agencies.
At the federal district court level, D.C. also has a district court.
D.C. currently has no judicial vacancies.
D.C. District Court
The D.C. District Court currently has no judicial vacancies.
Delaware
At the federal appeals court level, Delaware is part of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states.
At the federal district court level, Delaware is all one district.
Delaware currently has one judicial vacancy
District of Delaware
The District of Delaware covers the whole state of Delaware- which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 1 million people!
There is one judicial vacancy in the District of Delaware. There is not a nominee for this vacancy yet.
Florida
Florida is part of the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Georgia and Alabama. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states.
At the federal district court level, Florida is divided into three districts: Northern, Southern, and Middle.
Florida has six judicial vacancies.
Eleventh Circuit
There are two vacancies on the Eleventh Circuit. Embry Kidd and Ryan Park have been nominated to fill those vacancies.
Northern District of Florida
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Middle District of Florida
There are currently four vacancies on this court.
Southern District of Florida
There is currently one vacancy on this court.
Florida Nominees
Ed Artau
Nominated to the Southern District of Florida
Status: Awaiting committee hearing
Why we oppose:
Ed Artau was part of a panel that ruled in Feb 2025 in favor of Trump in his Florida state court defamation lawsuit against the Pulitzer board for awarding the Pulitzer Prize to newspapers that covered allegations that he had colluded with Russia in 2016. The legal issue in the appeal was whether Florida courts had jurisdiction. Artau wrote a separate concurrence agreeing with Trump that the allegations had been “debunked.” In the same case, he wrote that the Supreme Court should overturn a critical precedent protecting press freedom. The NY Times v Sullivan case limits when public figures can sue for defamation. If that were overturned, it would be easier for Trump and others to legally threaten his critics with baseless defamation suits (even more so than he is already doing).
Jordan Pratt
Nominated to the Middle District of Florida
Status: Awaiting committee hearing
Why we oppose:
- Current state court judge who used to be with the far-right First Liberty Institute, where Matthew Kacsmaryk used to work.
- wrote the opinion in Doe v. Uthmeier, a case where a teenager sought a waiver (as permitted by state law) to get an abortion without parental consent. The court ruled that the US Constitution gives parents a right to be heard on whether their child can have an abortion, so the state law permitting a “judicial bypass” of parental consent for mature enough minors is unconstitutional.
John Guard
Nominated to the Middle District of Florida
Status: Awaiting committee hearing
Anne-Leigh Gaylord Moe
Nominated to the Middle District of Florida
Status: Awaiting committee hearing
Kyle Dudek
Nominated to the Middle District of Florida
Status: Awaiting committee hearing
Georgia
Georgia is part of the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Florida and Alabama. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states.
At the federal district court level, Georgia is divided into three districts: Northern, Middle, and Southern.
Georgia has one judicial vacancy.
Northern District of Georgia
There is currently one vacancy on this court.
Middle District of Georgia
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Southern District of Georgia
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Hawaii
At the federal appeals court level, Hawaii is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Hawaii is all one district.
Hawaii currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Hawaii
The District of Hawaii covers the whole state of Hawaii - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 1.4 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Hawaii.
Idaho
At the federal appeals court level, Idaho is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Idaho is all one district.
Idaho currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Idaho
The District of Idaho covers the whole state of Idaho - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 1.9 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Idaho.
Illinois
At the federal appeals court level, Illinois is part of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Indiana and Wisconsin. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states.
At the federal district court level, Illinois is divided into three districts: Northern, Central, and Southern.
Illinois has no judicial vacancies
Seventh Circuit
There is currently one vacancy on this court. April Perry has been nominated for this vacancy.
Northern District of Illinois
Central District of Illinois
There are currently no vacancies in the Central District of Illinois.
Southern District of Illinois
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Indiana
At the federal appeals court level, Indiana is part of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Illinois and Wisconsin. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states.
At the federal district court level, Indiana is divided into two districts: Northern and Southern.
Indiana has one judicial vacancy
Northern District of Indiana
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Southern District of Indiana
There is currently one vacancy on this court. It does not have a nominee yet.
Iowa
At the federal appeals court level, Iowa is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Iowa is divided into two districts: Northern and Southern.
Iowa currently has no judicial vacancies
Northern District of Iowa
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Southern District of Iowa
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Kansas
At the federal appeals court level, Kansas is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Kansas is all one district.
Kansas currently has three judicial vacancies
District of Kansas
The District of Kansas covers the whole state of Kansas - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 2.9 million people!
There are currently three judicial vacancies in the District of Kansas. There is not yet a nominee for that vacancy.
Kentucky
At the federal appeals court level, Kentucky is part of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Michigan, Ohio, and Tennessee. Any ruling by the Sixth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Kentucky is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western.
Kentucky has no judicial vacancies
Eastern District of Kentucky
There are currently no vacancies in this district.
Western District of Kentucky
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Louisiana
At the federal appeals court level, Louisiana is part of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Mississippi and Texas. Any ruling by the Fifth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Louisiana is divided into three districts: Eastern, Middle, and Western.
Louisiana has four judicial vacancies
Eastern District of Louisiana
There are currently three vacancies on this court. There are no nominees for these vacancies yet.
Middle District of Louisiana
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Western District of Louisiana
There is currently one vacancy on this court. There is not yet a nominee for this vacancy.
Maine
At the federal appeals court level, Maine is part of the First Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island. Any ruling by the First Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Maine is all one district.
Maine currently has two judicial vacancies
First Circuit
The First Circuit covers Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all five states. That means the judges on this circuit make decisions that impact over 14.1 million people!
There is currently one vacancy on the First Circuit. Julia Lipez has been nominated for that vacancy.
District of Maine
The District of Maine covers the whole state of Maine - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 1.3 million people!
There is currently one vacancy in the District of Maine. Stacey Neumann has been nominated to fill this vacancy.
Maryland
At the federal appeals court level, Maryland is part of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Any ruling by the Fourth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Maryland is all one district.
Maryland currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Maryland
The District of Maryland covers all of Maryland- which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 6.1 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Maryland.
Massachusetts
At the federal appeals court level, Massachusetts is part of the First Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maine, New Hampshire, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island. Any ruling by the First Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Massachusetts is all one district.
Massachusetts currently has one judicial vacancy
District of Massachusetts
The District of Massachusetts covers all of Massachusetts - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 7 million people!
There is currently one judicial vacancy in the District of Massachusetts.
Michigan
At the federal appeals court level, Michigan is part of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Kentucky, Ohio, and Tennessee. Any ruling by the Sixth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Michigan is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western.
Michigan has one judicial vacancy
Eastern District of Michigan
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Western District of Michigan
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Minnesota
At the federal appeals court level, Minnesota is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Minnesota is all one district.
Minnesota currently has one judicial vacancy
District of Minnesota
The District of Minnesota covers the whole state of Minnesota- which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 5.7 million people!
There is one vacancy in the District of Minnesota. Laura Provinzino has been nominated to fill that vacancy.
Mississippi
At the federal appeals court level, Mississippi is part of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Louisiana and Texas. Any ruling by the Fifth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Mississippi is divided into two districts: Northern and Southern.
Mississippi has two judicial vacancies
Northern District of Mississippi
There are currently two vacancies on this court. Both of these vacancies are considered judicial emergencies.
Southern District of Mississippi
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Missouri
At the federal appeals court level, Missouri is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Missouri is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western
Missouri has four judicial vacancies
Eastern District of Missouri
There are currently four vacancies on this court. There are no nominees for these vacancies yet.
Western District of Missouri
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Missouri Nominees
Zachary Bluestone
Status: Committee hearing held
Zachary Bluestone is appellate chief and a violent crimes prosecutor in the United States Attorney’s Office for the Eastern District of Missouri. Mr. Bluestone previously served in the Missouri Attorney General’s Office as Deputy Solicitor General. Upon graduation from law school, Mr. Bluestone served as a law clerk to Judge Raymond Gruender of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. Mr. Bluestone earned his B.S., summa cum laude, from Georgetown University’s Walsh School of Foreign Service, his MBA from the University of Oxford’s Saïd Business School, and his J.D. from Harvard Law School, where he served as Managing Editor of the Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy.
Joshua Divine
Status: Committee hearing held
Joshua Divine is the Solicitor General of the State of Missouri and Director of Special Litigation in the Missouri Attorney General’s Office. Mr. Divine previously served as the Chief Counsel to United States Senator Josh Hawley and as a Deputy Solicitor General within the Missouri Attorney General’s Office. Mr. Divine also served as a law clerk to Justice Clarence Thomas of the United States Supreme Court and to Chief Judge William H. Pryor of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. Mr. Divine received his B.S., summa cum laude, from the University of Northern Colorado, and received his J.D. from Yale Law School, where he was a member of the Yale Law Journal and the Yale Law & Policy Review.
Why we oppose:
- The state AG’s office calls him “the architect” of the state’s lawsuit that blocked President Biden’s student loan forgiveness program and saddled millions of Americans with crushing debt.
- Defended the state’s laws barring transgender adolescents from receiving gender-affirming medical care, prohibiting Medicaid coverage for gender-affirming medical care for transgender people of any age, and penalizing health care professionals who provide such care to minors with the loss of their medical licenses.
Maria Lanahan
Status: Committee hearing held
Maria Lanahan is the Principal Deputy Solicitor General in the Missouri Attorney General’s Office. Ms. Lanahan previously served as senior manager and litigation counsel for Charter Communications, Inc. in St. Louis, Missouri, and as an associate in the St. Louis office of Thompson Coburn, LLP. Ms. Lanahan also served as a law clerk to Judge Raymond Gruender of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit and to Justice Brian K. Zahra of the Michigan Supreme Court. Ms. Lanahan earned her B.A., summa cum laude, from Gonzaga University, where she was a member of the women’s varsity basketball team, and her J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School, where she served as an Articles Editor for the University of Chicago Law Review.
Christian M. Stevens
Status: Committee hearing held
Cristian M. Stevens is a judge on the Missouri Court of Appeals, Eastern District, in St. Louis, Missouri. Judge Stevens previously served as First Assistant Attorney General and Deputy Attorney General of the Criminal Division in the Missouri Attorney General’s Office. Judge Stevens also served as Assistant United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Missouri and was a partner at Armstrong Teasdale, LLP, in St. Louis. Upon graduation from law school, Judge Stevens served as a law clerk to Chief Judge Pasco M. Bowman II of the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. Judge Stevens received his B.A., magna cum laude, from the University of Missouri, and his J.D., cum laude, from the University of Missouri School of Law, where he served as Editor-in-Chief of the Missouri Law Review.
Montana
At the federal appeals court level, Montana is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Montana is all one district.
Montana currently has one judicial vacancy
District of Montana
The District of Montana covers the whole state of Montana - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 1.1 million people!
There is one judicial vacancy in the District of Minnesota. Danna Jackson has been nominated to fill this vacancy.
Nebraska
At the federal appeals court level, Nebraska is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Nebraska is all one district.
Nebraska currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Nebraska
The District of Nebraska covers the whole state of Nebraska - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 1.9 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Nebraska.
Nevada
At the federal appeals court level, Nevada is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Nevada is all one district.
Nevada currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Nevada
The District of Nevada covers the whole state of Nevada - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 3.1 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Nevada.
New Hampshire
At the federal appeals court level, New Hampshire is part of the First Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maine, Massachusetts, Puerto Rico, and Rhode Island. Any ruling by the First Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, New Hampshire is all one district.
New Hampshire currently has no judicial vacancies
District of New Hampshire
The District of New Hampshire covers the whole state of New Hampshire - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 1.4 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of New Hampshire.
New Jersey
At the federal appeals court level, New Jersey is part of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Delaware and Pennsylvania. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states.
At the federal district court level, New Jersey is all one district.
New Jersey currently has one judicial vacancy
Third Circuit
The Third Circuit covers New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states. That means the judges on this circuit make decisions that impact over 23.2 million people!
There is currently one vacancy on the Third Circuit. Adeel Mangi has been nominated to fill that vacancy.
District of New Jersey
The District of New Jersey covers the whole state of New Jersey - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 9.2 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of New Jersey.
New Mexico
At the federal appeals court level, New Mexico is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, New Mexico is all one district.
New Mexico currently has one judicial vacancy
District of New Mexico
The District of New Mexico covers the whole state of New Mexico - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 2.1 million people!
There are currently no judicial vacancies in the District of New Mexico.
New York
At the federal appeals court level, New York is part of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Connecticut and Vermont. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, New York is divided into four districts: Northern, Eastern, Western, and Southern.
New York has two judicial vacancies
Northern District of New York
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Eastern District of New York
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Western District of New York
There are currently no vacancies in this district.
Southern District of New York
There are currently two vacancies on this court. Sarah Netburn have been nominated to fill one of these vacancies.
North Carolina
At the federal appeals court level, North Carolina is part of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maryland, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Any ruling by the Fourth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, North Carolina is divided into three districts: Eastern, Middle, and Western.
North Carolina has four judicial vacancies
Fourth Circuit
There is currently no vacancies on the Fourth Circuit.
Eastern District of North Carolina
There are currently no vacancies on the Eastern District of North Carolina.
The Middle District of North Carolina
There are currently two vacancies on the Middle District of North Carolina. A nominee has not been named for these vacancies yet.
Western District of North Carolina
There are currently two vacancies on the Western District of North Carolina. No nominees have been named to fill those vacancies yet.
North Dakota
At the federal appeals court level, North Dakota is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and South Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, North Dakota is all one district.
North Dakota currently has no judicial vacancies
District of North Dakota
The District of North Dakota covers the whole state of North Dakota- which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 783,000 people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Idaho.
Ohio
At the federal appeals court level, Ohio is part of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Kentucky, Michigan, and Tennessee. Any ruling by the Sixth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Ohio is divided into two districts: Northern and Southern.
Ohio currently has two judicial vacancies
Northern District of Ohio
There is currently one vacancy on this court. There is no nominee for this vacancy yet.
Southern District of Ohio
There is currently one vacancy on the Southern District of Ohio. There is no nominee for this vacancy yet.
Oklahoma
At the federal appeals court level, Oklahoma is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Oklahoma is divided into three districts: Northern, Eastern, and Western.
Oklahoma has no judicial vacancies
Northern District of Oklahoma
There are currently no vacancies on the Northern District of Oklahoma.
Eastern District of Oklahoma
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Western District of Oklahoma
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Oregon
At the federal appeals court level, Oregon is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and Washington. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Oregon is all one district.
Oregon currently has one judicial vacancy
District of Oregon
The District of Oregon covers the whole state of Oregon - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 4.2 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Oregon.
Pennsylvania
At the federal appeals court level, Pennsylvania is part of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Delaware and New Jersey. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states.
At the federal district court level, Pennsylvania is divided into three districts: Eastern, Middle, and Western.
Pennsylvania has no judicial vacancies
Eastern District of Pennsylvania
There is currently one vacancy in the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Mary Kay Costello has been nominated to fill this vacancy.
Middle District of Pennsylvania
There are currently no vacancies in the Middle District of Pennsylvania.
Western District of Pennsylvania
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Rhode Island
At the federal appeals court level, Rhode Island is part of the First Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Puerto Rico. Any ruling by the First Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Rhode Island is all one district.
Rhode Island currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Rhode Island
The District of Rhode Island covers the whole state of Rhode Island - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 1 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Rhode Island.
South Carolina
At the federal appeals court level, South Carolina is part of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Any ruling by the Fourth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, South Carolina is all one district.
South Carolina currently has one judicial vacancy
District of South Carolina
The District of South Carolina covers the whole state of South Carolina - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 5.3 million people!
There is one judicial vacancy in the District of South Carolina. No nominee has been named for this vacancy yet.
South Dakota
At the federal appeals court level, South Dakota is part of the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Arkansas, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and North Dakota. Any ruling by the Eighth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, South Dakota is all one district.
South Dakota currently has no judicial vacancies
District of South Dakota
The District of South Dakota covers the whole state of South Dakota - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 919,000 people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of South Dakota.
Tennessee
At the federal appeals court level, Tennessee is part of the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Kentucky, Michigan, and Ohio. Any ruling by the Sixth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Tennessee is divided into three districts: Eastern, Middle, and Western.
Tennessee has three judicial vacancies
Sixth Circuit
There are currently two vacancies on the Sixth Circuit. Kevin Ritz and Karla Campbell have been nominated to fill these vacancies.
Eastern District of Tennessee
There are currently no vacancies on the Eastern District of Tennessee.
Middle District of Tennessee
There are currently no vacancies on this court.
Western District of Tennessee
There are currently one vacancy on the Western District of Tennessee. There is not yet a nominee for this vacancy.
Texas
At the federal appeals court level, Texas is part of the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Louisiana and Mississippi. Any ruling by the Fifth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Texas is divided into four districts: Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western.
Texas has eight judicial vacancies
Northern District of Texas
There is currently one vacancy on the Northern District of Texas.
Southern District of Texas
There are currently five vacancies on the Southern District of Texas.
Eastern District of Texas
There are currently no vacancies on the Eastern District of Texas.
Western District of Texas
There are currently two vacancies on the Western District of Texas. No nominees have been named to fill these vacancies yet.
Utah
At the federal appeals court level, Utah is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Utah is all one district.
Utah currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Utah
The District of Utah covers the whole state of Idaho - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 3.4 million people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Utah.
Vermont
At the federal appeals court level, Vermont is part of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Connecticut and New York. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Vermont is all one district.
Vermont currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Vermont
The District of Vermont covers the whole state of Idaho - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 8.7 million people!
There are currently no judicial vacancies in the District of Vermont.
Virginia
At the federal appeals court level, Virginia is part of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and West Virginia. Any ruling by the Fourth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Virginia is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western.
Virginia has no judicial vacancies
Eastern District of Virginia
There are currently no vacancies on the Eastern District of Virginia.
Western District of Virginia
There are currently no vacancies on the Western District of Virginia.
Washington
At the federal appeals court level, Washington is part of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and Oregon. Any ruling by the Ninth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Washington is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western.
Washington has one judicial vacancy
Eastern District of Washington
There is currently no vacancies on the Eastern District of Washington.
Western District of Washington
There are currently no vacancies on the Western District of Washington.
West Virginia
At the federal appeals court level, West Virginia is part of the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Any ruling by the Fourth Circuit becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, West Virginia is divided into two districts: Northern and Southern.
West Virginia has no judicial vacancies
Northern District of West Virginia
There is currently no vacancies on the Northern District of West Virginia.
Southern District of West Virginia
There is currently no vacancies on the Southern District of West Virginia.
Wisconsin
At the federal appeals court level, Wisconsin is part of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Illinois and Indiana. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all three states.
At the federal district court level, Wisconsin is divided into two districts: Eastern and Western.
Wisconsin has one judicial vacancy
Eastern District of Wisconsin
There are currently no vacancies on the Eastern District of Wisconsin.
Western District of Wisconsin
There are currently no vacancies on the Western District of Wisconsin.
Wyoming
At the federal appeals court level, Wyoming is part of the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals, which also covers Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Utah. Any ruling by that court becomes law in all of them.
At the federal district court level, Wyoming is all one district.
Wyoming currently has no judicial vacancies
District of Wyoming
The District of Wyoming covers the whole state of Wyoming - which means the decisions these judges make impact the entire state. That's over 580,000 people!
There are no judicial vacancies in the District of Wyoming.
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